Hijama, or wet cupping therapy, is an ancient form of alternative medicine that has gained renewed interest in recent years, not only for its cultural and historical significance but also for its scientifically supported health benefits. As one of the most studied types of cupping therapy, wet cupping is particularly noted for its potential in pain relief, detoxification, improved circulation, and immune support.

While Hijama’s therapeutic effects have long been valued in traditional medicine, the science behind its mechanisms is increasingly being explored in modern research. In this article, we will look at how Hijama works at a physiological level and explore the evidence supporting its therapeutic effects.

Hijama involves two main stages: suction and controlled bleeding. Both steps are integral to the therapy’s effects, each stimulating unique physiological responses in the body.

1.Suction Stage:

•In this stage, specialized cups are placed on the skin, and suction is created either through a vacuum pump or by heating the air within the cup before placing it on the skin. This suction draws the skin and underlying tissues upward, which causes blood to flow toward the cupped area.

•This suction has a mechanical effect that stimulates blood flow, enhances circulation, and promotes lymphatic drainage, which aids in detoxifying the tissues.

2.Controlled Bleeding Stage (Wet Cupping):

•After the suction, the therapist makes small incisions on the skin’s surface within the cupped area. The cups are then reapplied to allow a small amount of blood to be drawn out. This step is believed to remove “stagnant” blood, metabolic waste, and other toxins from the body.

•The process of controlled bleeding is thought to support detoxification by removing blood that may contain inflammatory compounds and other substances the body has yet to process.

These two stages work together to create a unique therapy that combines the benefits of suction-induced blood flow and localized bloodletting, making wet cupping distinct from other forms of cupping therapy.

The Scientific Mechanisms of Hijama Wet Cupping

Research has identified several physiological mechanisms through which Hijama exerts its effects. Here are some of the key ways in which wet cupping impacts the body:

One of the primary effects of Hijama is improved blood circulation. The suction created during cupping causes capillaries in the skin to expand, which allows more blood to reach the cupped area. Increased blood flow delivers oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells, which can aid in tissue repair and reduce inflammation.

Studies have shown that increased circulation helps flush out cellular waste products and toxins. By drawing blood to the area and then removing it through the incisions, Hijama may also help reduce local congestion, which is beneficial for areas affected by chronic pain or inflammation.

The concept of removing toxins is central to Hijama, but the term “toxins” can refer to several different compounds in the body, such as metabolic waste, inflammatory markers, and cellular debris. Research suggests that wet cupping may reduce oxidative stress and help eliminate metabolic byproducts. For example, by drawing out “stagnant” blood that may contain a high level of metabolic waste, Hijama supports the body’s detoxification processes.

Studies have measured the levels of specific biomarkers before and after wet cupping sessions, showing a decrease in compounds associated with oxidative stress, which is a factor in chronic inflammation and cellular aging. This effect may partially explain why Hijama is beneficial for patients with conditions like arthritis, migraines, and other inflammatory issues.

Inflammation is a natural immune response to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can lead to various health problems, including joint pain, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disorders. Hijama therapy is believed to modulate the body’s inflammatory response, thereby reducing inflammation.

The suction effect of Hijama stimulates a localized inflammatory response, which triggers the release of anti-inflammatory compounds in response. Studies have shown that Hijama can reduce levels of inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and CRP (C-reactive protein), in the blood. By reducing these markers, Hijama may help alleviate symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions.

Pain relief is one of the most widely recognized benefits of Hijama, and scientific studies provide insight into how this occurs. Hijama may reduce pain by modulating the nervous system’s response to pain signals.

When the skin and muscles are lifted during cupping, the body releases natural pain-relieving chemicals, such as endorphins and enkephalins. These neurochemicals act as natural painkillers, reducing the perception of pain. Research has shown that cupping can increase the release of these compounds, providing relief for chronic pain conditions, such as lower back pain, migraines, and fibromyalgia.

Hijama also appears to stimulate the immune system, potentially making the body more resilient against illness. The controlled bleeding phase of Hijama may stimulate an immune response by encouraging the production of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting infections.

Additionally, cupping therapy can help with lymphatic drainage, a process that removes waste and pathogens from the body’s tissues. This drainage may reduce the burden on the immune system, allowing it to function more effectively. Some studies suggest that regular Hijama sessions may help strengthen immune function and reduce susceptibility to common infections.

Hijama may influence the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. The suction and mild pressure from cupping can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing stress.

This relaxation response can benefit people who suffer from stress-related conditions, such as anxiety, insomnia, and high blood pressure. By inducing a state of relaxation, Hijama supports overall mental well-being and helps the body recover from the adverse effects of chronic stress.

The skin is the body’s largest organ and a significant part of the immune system. Hijama can have direct benefits on skin and tissue health by improving blood flow, which enhances the skin’s oxygen supply and nutrient delivery. The increased circulation brought by Hijama may also promote collagen production, which supports skin elasticity and repair.

The slight trauma created by the suction also stimulates the skin to produce more fibroblasts, which are cells involved in healing and tissue regeneration. This process may explain why some people experience an improvement in skin tone, texture, and wound healing after Hijama therapy.

Several studies have investigated the effects of cupping, providing valuable insights into its potential health benefits. For example:

•Pain Management: A 2017 study published in the Journal of Pain Research found that cupping therapy significantly reduced pain intensity and improved quality of life for patients with chronic low back pain.

•Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Research in the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences found that cupping could reduce inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting its effectiveness in reducing systemic inflammation.

•Oxidative Stress Reduction: A study published in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine observed that wet cupping reduced oxidative stress markers in participants, supporting the idea that cupping helps remove free radicals and toxins.

While Hijama wet cupping is rooted in ancient tradition, scientific research is gradually validating its therapeutic effects. Studies reveal that Hijama works through various mechanisms, including improved blood flow, detoxification, anti-inflammatory effects, and immune support. The neurochemical and autonomic responses to Hijama also explain why it is effective for both physical and mental well-being.

Hijama offers a natural, non-invasive method for managing pain, reducing inflammation, and supporting overall health. As more research emerges, the scientific understanding of Hijama continues to grow, bridging traditional wisdom with modern medical knowledge. For those interested in alternative therapies, Hijama provides a valuable and scientifically supported option that aligns with the body’s natural healing processes.